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General CulTure
"The World Is Your Oyster" (William Shakespeare)
Des éléments de cultures diverses.
-Culture corner-
G for General Culture
27.09- 01.10.2023. FESTIVAL OF BRITISH CINEMA
at Dinard (France)
1st award Best film "Hitchcock d'Or Ciné+ -> film Silver Haze
12.2023. FESTIVE.. CHRISTMAS / FESTIF.. NOEL
- Need an idea for a Christmas gift ? -> an online wine shop
- A la recherche d'une idée cadeau ? -> une boutique en ligne de vins à offrir .
www.lepetitballon.com
WHAT ? an online famous wine shop, with wines from France, Europe as well as from the New World.
HOW ? -> you order the wine -> they deliver you the wine to your favourite place once a month.
BENEFITS ? easy to do, just order online.
HISTORY ?
-> the team is made up of passionnate people.
-> the founder J-M Deluc, a famous sommelier since 1990, known for his is relentless taste buds, began working in England, then worked at the Ritz ; his philosophy : "Wine is a pleasant way of creating relationships, between people, territories, words...it's a story of pleasure and sharing time together".
WHY this presentation ?
-> because i have been offered this present, and at home we rather enjoy it ! it's a way to discover new grape varieties (cépages), like from Africa for example, .
-> une équipe de passionnés qui dégustent des vins de l'ensemble des régions françaises et quelques vins européens et du nouveau monde / le fondateur JM Deluc, un sommelier expérimenté et très reconnu
-> chaque mois, on vous livre le cadeau (bouteilles), où vous souhaitez...
-> avantages ? la découverte de nouveaux cépages, vins, comme ceux d'Afrique par exemple...
9/9/22. QUEEN ELIZABETH II 'S DEATH
1926- 2022 - 96 years old.
she is dead; she died yesterday, on Thursday, 8th September
at Balmoral castle, in Scotland
at Dinard (France)
1st award Best film "Hitchcock d'Or Ciné+ -> film Silver Haze
12.2023. FESTIVE.. CHRISTMAS / FESTIF.. NOEL
- Need an idea for a Christmas gift ? -> an online wine shop
- A la recherche d'une idée cadeau ? -> une boutique en ligne de vins à offrir .
www.lepetitballon.com
WHAT ? an online famous wine shop, with wines from France, Europe as well as from the New World.
HOW ? -> you order the wine -> they deliver you the wine to your favourite place once a month.
BENEFITS ? easy to do, just order online.
HISTORY ?
-> the team is made up of passionnate people.
-> the founder J-M Deluc, a famous sommelier since 1990, known for his is relentless taste buds, began working in England, then worked at the Ritz ; his philosophy : "Wine is a pleasant way of creating relationships, between people, territories, words...it's a story of pleasure and sharing time together".
WHY this presentation ?
-> because i have been offered this present, and at home we rather enjoy it ! it's a way to discover new grape varieties (cépages), like from Africa for example, .
-> une équipe de passionnés qui dégustent des vins de l'ensemble des régions françaises et quelques vins européens et du nouveau monde / le fondateur JM Deluc, un sommelier expérimenté et très reconnu
-> chaque mois, on vous livre le cadeau (bouteilles), où vous souhaitez...
-> avantages ? la découverte de nouveaux cépages, vins, comme ceux d'Afrique par exemple...
9/9/22. QUEEN ELIZABETH II 'S DEATH
1926- 2022 - 96 years old.
she is dead; she died yesterday, on Thursday, 8th September
at Balmoral castle, in Scotland
Scottish dancing
by Christiane and Oliver L. from my ECC team
Tam O' Shanter
40 Bar Jig For 4 Couples In A 4 Couple Set Ann Malley
1- 8 1st. man crosses over above his partner, dances behind her, in front of 2nd. lady and behind 3rd. lady.
He crosses over to his own side dancing behind 3rd. and 2nd. man to place.
9 -16 1st. couple slip down the middle for 8 back up for 8.
17-24 Others dance circle round and back.
25-32 Everyone chase. Finish 1st. couple facing down, others make bridge with partner.
35-40 1st. couple dance under the bridge. 2nd. couple turn each other with right hand.
(Dance crib compiled by the deviser, Ann Malley, c. 1984)
Dance Notes
1- 8 Tam winding his way down the road
9 -16 Galloping down the road with his horse Meg
17-24 Witches dancing
25-32 Witches chase Tam
35-40 Tam crosses the bridge and the witch catches the horses' tail
(Dance notes by the deviser, Ann Malley, c. 1984)
Here is the original crib for Tam O' Shanter (Malley) by Ann Malley, also available as a .pdf Tam O' Shanter (Malley) Complimentary sent by Christiane and Oliver L.
40 Bar Jig For 4 Couples In A 4 Couple Set Ann Malley
1- 8 1st. man crosses over above his partner, dances behind her, in front of 2nd. lady and behind 3rd. lady.
He crosses over to his own side dancing behind 3rd. and 2nd. man to place.
9 -16 1st. couple slip down the middle for 8 back up for 8.
17-24 Others dance circle round and back.
25-32 Everyone chase. Finish 1st. couple facing down, others make bridge with partner.
35-40 1st. couple dance under the bridge. 2nd. couple turn each other with right hand.
(Dance crib compiled by the deviser, Ann Malley, c. 1984)
Dance Notes
1- 8 Tam winding his way down the road
9 -16 Galloping down the road with his horse Meg
17-24 Witches dancing
25-32 Witches chase Tam
35-40 Tam crosses the bridge and the witch catches the horses' tail
(Dance notes by the deviser, Ann Malley, c. 1984)
Here is the original crib for Tam O' Shanter (Malley) by Ann Malley, also available as a .pdf Tam O' Shanter (Malley) Complimentary sent by Christiane and Oliver L.
AMERICA. A land of dreams, a land of diversity and multiculturalism.
USA Tourism 'Land of Dreams' by Rosanne Cash
FRANCE 1st MAY
Tradition of the lily of the valley* : origin.
* muguet
In 1560, King Charles IX received from a knight (= chevalier) a sprig (= brin) of lily of the valley (= muguet), picked up in his garden, as a lucky charm (= porte-bonheur).
The following year, the king decided to act similarly and offered that fragrant
(= odorante) small white flower to his court ladies, saying : "let's do this each year". The tradition of offering this bell-shaped flower (= fleur à clochettes) was born !
The following year, the king decided to act similarly and offered that fragrant
(= odorante) small white flower to his court ladies, saying : "let's do this each year". The tradition of offering this bell-shaped flower (= fleur à clochettes) was born !
CULTURE IN BRITAIN
9.04.2021 : Prince Philip Mountbatten 's death - born 10.06.1921
he was nearly 100 years-old.
The Royal family -> http://projectbritain.com/royal/index.htm
25.04.2021 : Queen Elizabeth II 's birthday 96 years old
Twitter, from The Royal Family
"@RoyalFamily
Happy Birthday Your Majesty! Today as The Queen turns 96, we’re sharing this photograph of the young Princess Elizabeth aged 2. Then, in 1928, it was never expected she would be Queen, and this year Her Majesty is celebrating her #PlatinumJubilee - a first in British history."
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-61167593
Websites about traditions in the United Kingdom
http://projectbritain.com/
an awsome quantity of information about Britain and its culture !
a highly recommended site !
A-Z Guide of British Life and Culture :
http://projectbritain.com/topics/index.htm#gsc.tab=0
The Queen : Queen Elizabeth II (1926- )
http://projectbritain.com/theQueen.htm
Food in Britain:
http://projectbritain.com/food/index.htm : nourriture typique.
Drinks :
http://projectbritain.com/food/drinks.htm : boissons.
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he was nearly 100 years-old.
The Royal family -> http://projectbritain.com/royal/index.htm
25.04.2021 : Queen Elizabeth II 's birthday 96 years old
Twitter, from The Royal Family
"@RoyalFamily
Happy Birthday Your Majesty! Today as The Queen turns 96, we’re sharing this photograph of the young Princess Elizabeth aged 2. Then, in 1928, it was never expected she would be Queen, and this year Her Majesty is celebrating her #PlatinumJubilee - a first in British history."
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-61167593
Websites about traditions in the United Kingdom
http://projectbritain.com/
an awsome quantity of information about Britain and its culture !
a highly recommended site !
A-Z Guide of British Life and Culture :
http://projectbritain.com/topics/index.htm#gsc.tab=0
The Queen : Queen Elizabeth II (1926- )
http://projectbritain.com/theQueen.htm
Food in Britain:
http://projectbritain.com/food/index.htm : nourriture typique.
Drinks :
http://projectbritain.com/food/drinks.htm : boissons.
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THE USA.
NEW YORK CITY, called THE BIG APPLE.
New York DC (= District of Columbia) or NYC
it is located in the north-east of the United States of America whereas (alors que/ tandis que) NEW YORK (= state) is located further down. It is composed of five boroughs (arrondissements): Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, le Bronx et Staten Island.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4t2ujcr5z4 : the history of New York. L'histoire de NY en quelques minutes.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NAEgXcaGwhQ : les 5 quartiers "boroughs" de New York.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MtCMtC50gwY : présentation de 6mn faite par un organisme New York City Vacation Travel Guide | Expedia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YYaqBnNoT7M : "the seven best museums you should visit in New York" - les 7 meilleurs musées de New York
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmuh3YAu3fg : the most important monuments in New York (1.47 mn)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9yqNodA6nI : 10 places you must visit in the Big Apple : 10 lieux à visiter absolument dans la Grand Pomme.
THE STATUE OF LIBERTY,
on Liberty Island, in New York harbour
- la Statue de la Liberté, port de New-York : son histoire, ses symboles.
Son nom d'origine "Liberty Enlightening the World" (éclairant, illuminant le monde)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42yO2FUWL6A : 2.15 mn de visite, sans parole;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=usHRc7G0gVo : une présentation de 4.41 mn.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y3utCntXrPo : 3.43 mn de présentation sur son histoire.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WPV3nNo-95w : 1 mn sur le symbolisme de la Statue.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5VEd9_AEwCc : un ancien, arrivé ici en 1902, parle de sa famille émigrée à New York et de la signification de la Statue pour eux tous.
..
Liberty Island, formerly called Bedloe's Island, is a small uninhabited island in New York Harbor in the United States, best known as the location of the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty, officially known as Liberty Enlightening the World, was presented to the United States by "the people of France" in 1886. Standing on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, it welcomes visitors, immigrants, and returning Americans traveling by ship. The copper-clad statue, dedicated on October 28, 1886, commemorates the centennial of the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence and was given to the United States to represent the friendship established during the American Revolution. Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi sculpted the statue. The statue is of a robed woman holding a torch, and is made of a sheeting of pure copper, hung on a framework of steel with the exception of the flame of the torch, which is coated in gold leaf. It stands atop a rectangular stonework pedestal with a foundation in the shape of an irregular eleven-pointed star. The statue is 151 feet tall, but with the pedestal and foundation, it is 305 feet tall. Worldwide, the Statue of Liberty is one of the most recognizable icons of the United States and was, from 1886 until the jet age, often one of the first glimpses of the United States for millions of immigrants after ocean voyages from Europe.
Place : NEW YORK CITY : "the Big Apple" (US)
New York City, at the mouth of the Hudson River, has five boroughs : the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island. In 1626, the Dutch bought the island od manhattan from the Indians for 24 dollars and called it New Amsterdam. In 1664, the British captured the colony and renamed it New York.
---
Nickname(s): The Big Apple, Gotham, Center of the Universe, The City That Never Sleeps, The Capital of the World
Location in the state of New York
New York
Mayor: Michael Bloomberg Area • City468.48 sq mi (1,213.4 km2) • Land 302.64 sq mi (783.8 km2) • Water 165.84 sq mi (429.5 km2) Elevation 33 ft (10 m)
Population (2011 United States Censusestimates •
City 8,244,910 • Density27,243.06/sq mi (10,518.60/km2) • Metro18,897,109 •
New New York is the most populous city in the United States of America and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world.
The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. A global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters,New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.
Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a state county.
The five boroughs--The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898.
With a Census-estimated 2011 population of 8,244,910
distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States.
As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.
The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, with 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km2),and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.1 million people as of the 2010 Census.
New York traces its roots (racines) to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic, and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to America by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy.
Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known to its approximately 50 million annual visitors.
Times Square, iconified as "The Crossroads of the World", is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway theater district, one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections, and a major center of the world's entertainment industry. The city hosts many world renowned bridges, skyscrapers, and parks. New York City's financial district, anchored by Wall Street in Lower Manhattan, functions as the financial capital of the world and is home to the New York Stock Exchange, the world's largest stock exchange by total market capitalization of its listed companies. Manhattan's real estate market is among the most expensive in the world. Manhattan's Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive rapid transit systems in the world. Numerous colleges and universities are located in New York, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, which are ranked among the top 50 in the world.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42yO2FUWL6A : 2.15 mn de visite, sans parole;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=usHRc7G0gVo : une présentation de 4.41 mn.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y3utCntXrPo : 3.43 mn de présentation sur son histoire.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WPV3nNo-95w : 1 mn sur le symbolisme de la Statue.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5VEd9_AEwCc : un ancien, arrivé ici en 1902, parle de sa famille émigrée à New York et de la signification de la Statue pour eux tous.
..
Liberty Island, formerly called Bedloe's Island, is a small uninhabited island in New York Harbor in the United States, best known as the location of the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty, officially known as Liberty Enlightening the World, was presented to the United States by "the people of France" in 1886. Standing on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, it welcomes visitors, immigrants, and returning Americans traveling by ship. The copper-clad statue, dedicated on October 28, 1886, commemorates the centennial of the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence and was given to the United States to represent the friendship established during the American Revolution. Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi sculpted the statue. The statue is of a robed woman holding a torch, and is made of a sheeting of pure copper, hung on a framework of steel with the exception of the flame of the torch, which is coated in gold leaf. It stands atop a rectangular stonework pedestal with a foundation in the shape of an irregular eleven-pointed star. The statue is 151 feet tall, but with the pedestal and foundation, it is 305 feet tall. Worldwide, the Statue of Liberty is one of the most recognizable icons of the United States and was, from 1886 until the jet age, often one of the first glimpses of the United States for millions of immigrants after ocean voyages from Europe.
Place : NEW YORK CITY : "the Big Apple" (US)
New York City, at the mouth of the Hudson River, has five boroughs : the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island. In 1626, the Dutch bought the island od manhattan from the Indians for 24 dollars and called it New Amsterdam. In 1664, the British captured the colony and renamed it New York.
---
Nickname(s): The Big Apple, Gotham, Center of the Universe, The City That Never Sleeps, The Capital of the World
Location in the state of New York
New York
Mayor: Michael Bloomberg Area • City468.48 sq mi (1,213.4 km2) • Land 302.64 sq mi (783.8 km2) • Water 165.84 sq mi (429.5 km2) Elevation 33 ft (10 m)
Population (2011 United States Censusestimates •
City 8,244,910 • Density27,243.06/sq mi (10,518.60/km2) • Metro18,897,109 •
New New York is the most populous city in the United States of America and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world.
The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. A global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters,New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.
Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a state county.
The five boroughs--The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898.
With a Census-estimated 2011 population of 8,244,910
distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States.
As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.
The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, with 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km2),and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.1 million people as of the 2010 Census.
New York traces its roots (racines) to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic, and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to America by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy.
Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known to its approximately 50 million annual visitors.
Times Square, iconified as "The Crossroads of the World", is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway theater district, one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections, and a major center of the world's entertainment industry. The city hosts many world renowned bridges, skyscrapers, and parks. New York City's financial district, anchored by Wall Street in Lower Manhattan, functions as the financial capital of the world and is home to the New York Stock Exchange, the world's largest stock exchange by total market capitalization of its listed companies. Manhattan's real estate market is among the most expensive in the world. Manhattan's Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive rapid transit systems in the world. Numerous colleges and universities are located in New York, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, which are ranked among the top 50 in the world.
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BRITAIN.
THE BRITISH SOCIETY / la société britannique.
http://theguardian.com/society/2016/aug/18- 23/08/2016
L'inégalité sociale profondément ancrée dans la société britannique fait réagir les défenseurs des droits de l'homme au Royaume-Uni...
"Human rights watchdog (=défenseur) calls for urgent action on Britain's 'deep-rooted' inequality"
CHRISTMAS TRADITIONS IN ENGLAND.
http://projectbritain.com
-> un merveilleux site réalisé par Mandy Barrow . Un must !
-> Woodlands Junior School is located in the south-east corner of England.
-> des élèves de cette école secondaire anglaise ont réalisé un travail remarquable !
- The traditional CHRISTMAS DINNER (le menu traditionnel de NOEL) :
http://projectbritain.com/Xmas/dinner.html
- Christmas pudding (dessert) :
http://projectbritain.com/Xmas/christmaspudding.html
- Christmas Crackers (les crackers de Noël, très populaires) : Qu'est-ce que c'est les "crackers" ?
http://projectbritain.com/Xmas/crackers.html
."the more you pay, the better the quality of the gift is"
.(plus le montant du cracker (cadeau) est élevé, meilleure sera la qualité du cadeau).
- Voir aussi les merveilleuses recettes du chef GARY RHODES, décédé brutalement en 2019, à 59 ans.
Ici, une superbe vidéo de plats typiques du Noël en Grande-Bretagne !
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-k5P2n9v8o&list=PLbpcbpSmPxrmXedfN_sHSCBRIskUFXUPX
Christmas Bank Holidays* in England / *Bank Holiday : jour férié
December 24th : Christmas' Eve : travaillé,
December 25th : Christmas Day : férié,
December 26th : Boxing Day : férié.
BREXIT : leave or remain? June 2016 / quitter ou rester ?
June 23rd, 2016 : Referendum on Brexit : REMAIN.
July12th:Theresa Mary May: new Prime Minister
January 1st, 2021 : Great-Britain leaves the European Union.
Prime Minister: Boris Johnson.
NEWS : The British society today / la société britannique.
http://theguardian.com/society/2016/aug/18- 23/08/2016
L'inégalité sociale profondément ancrée dans la société britannique fait réagir les défenseurs des droits de l'homme au Royaume-Uni...
"Human rights watchdog (=défenseur) calls for urgent action on Britain's 'deep-rooted' inequality"
NEWS 2021- "Brexzic after Brexit ?" the end of free circulation between the continent and the UK since January 1st, 2021, visas needed.
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THE BRITISH SOCIETY / la société britannique.
http://theguardian.com/society/2016/aug/18- 23/08/2016
L'inégalité sociale profondément ancrée dans la société britannique fait réagir les défenseurs des droits de l'homme au Royaume-Uni...
"Human rights watchdog (=défenseur) calls for urgent action on Britain's 'deep-rooted' inequality"
CHRISTMAS TRADITIONS IN ENGLAND.
http://projectbritain.com
-> un merveilleux site réalisé par Mandy Barrow . Un must !
-> Woodlands Junior School is located in the south-east corner of England.
-> des élèves de cette école secondaire anglaise ont réalisé un travail remarquable !
- The traditional CHRISTMAS DINNER (le menu traditionnel de NOEL) :
http://projectbritain.com/Xmas/dinner.html
- Christmas pudding (dessert) :
http://projectbritain.com/Xmas/christmaspudding.html
- Christmas Crackers (les crackers de Noël, très populaires) : Qu'est-ce que c'est les "crackers" ?
http://projectbritain.com/Xmas/crackers.html
."the more you pay, the better the quality of the gift is"
.(plus le montant du cracker (cadeau) est élevé, meilleure sera la qualité du cadeau).
- Voir aussi les merveilleuses recettes du chef GARY RHODES, décédé brutalement en 2019, à 59 ans.
Ici, une superbe vidéo de plats typiques du Noël en Grande-Bretagne !
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-k5P2n9v8o&list=PLbpcbpSmPxrmXedfN_sHSCBRIskUFXUPX
Christmas Bank Holidays* in England / *Bank Holiday : jour férié
December 24th : Christmas' Eve : travaillé,
December 25th : Christmas Day : férié,
December 26th : Boxing Day : férié.
BREXIT : leave or remain? June 2016 / quitter ou rester ?
June 23rd, 2016 : Referendum on Brexit : REMAIN.
July12th:Theresa Mary May: new Prime Minister
January 1st, 2021 : Great-Britain leaves the European Union.
Prime Minister: Boris Johnson.
NEWS : The British society today / la société britannique.
http://theguardian.com/society/2016/aug/18- 23/08/2016
L'inégalité sociale profondément ancrée dans la société britannique fait réagir les défenseurs des droits de l'homme au Royaume-Uni...
"Human rights watchdog (=défenseur) calls for urgent action on Britain's 'deep-rooted' inequality"
NEWS 2021- "Brexzic after Brexit ?" the end of free circulation between the continent and the UK since January 1st, 2021, visas needed.
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ENVIRONMENT
COP 21- Action about climate change,
Environment, planet, global warming (= réchauffement climatique)
December 1st- December 12th : COP21 about climate change and global warming, in Le Bourget, Paris.
--
Xiuhtezcatl Martinez: The 15-year-old rapping about climate change
http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/34974337/xiuhtezcatl-martinez-the-15-year-old-rapping-about-climate-change
--
http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/34974337/xiuhtezcatl-martinez-the-15-year-old-rapping-about-climate-change
--
Xiuhtezcatl Martinez: The 15-year-old rapping about climate http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/34974337/xiuhtezcatl-martinez-the-15-year-old-rapping-about-climate-change Xiuhtezcatl Martinez's name isn't the only thing that's extraordinary about the 15-year old.
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December 1st- December 12th : COP21 about climate change and global warming, in Le Bourget, Paris.
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Xiuhtezcatl Martinez: The 15-year-old rapping about climate change
http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/34974337/xiuhtezcatl-martinez-the-15-year-old-rapping-about-climate-change
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/34974337/xiuhtezcatl-martinez-the-15-year-old-rapping-about-climate-change
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Xiuhtezcatl Martinez: The 15-year-old rapping about climate http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/34974337/xiuhtezcatl-martinez-the-15-year-old-rapping-about-climate-change Xiuhtezcatl Martinez's name isn't the only thing that's extraordinary about the 15-year old.
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A place : Death Valley National Park, USA-
the hottest spot in US ! l'endroit le + chaud
Le saviez-vous ? Il y a 10 000 ans, un lac occupait cette Vallée de la Mort, aux USA, d'une profondeur de 600 pieds (6X30cm= 1,80m). Des vues sublimes, à couper le souffle, des rochers de couleur ocre, des dunes de sable, de magnifiques couchers de soleil, une chaleur extrême...(photo et emblème du blog , ci-dessus).
- BEAUTIFUL ! WONDERFUL! AMAZING VIEW !
The area’s brutality, its spectacular and varied beauty; Bone Canyon standing in contrast to the dramatic hills and mountains, such as 11,000-foot Telescope Peak. Under the desert sun, hundreds of species of plant and animal life are indigenous to this parched environment, forty of them found nowhere else on earth.
The Valley is actually not a valley at all, but a block of land that has been steadily dropping between two mountain ranges that are slowly rising and sliding apart.
More than 10,000 years ago a vast fresh water lake once filled Death Valley to a depth of 600 feet.
Today, after thousands of years of dry, hot weather, only crusty salt flats remain. Within the long and narrow park confines (140 miles from one end to the other—about the size of Connecticut), one of the most popular sights is Artists Palette, where mineral deposits have caused swathes of red, pink, orange, purple, and green to color the hills.
Others are Zabriskie Point, with its views of wrinkled hills, and 14 square miles of perfectly sculpted Sahara-like sand dunes. Find the dead-end road that leads to the mile-high (and aptly named) Dante’s View, from which you can see 360 degrees for 100 miles, taking in both the highest and lowest points in the Lower forty-eight: Mount Whitney, at 14,494 feet, and Badwater, at 282 feet below sea level. ....
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USA, THANKSGIVING*
Origin: 17th century
celebrated on the 4th Thursday of November each year
Black Friday:
celebrated on the following day, on Friday after Thanksgiving
.
Menu-type de l’Action de grâce américaine
- Dinde farcie ;
- Purée de pommes de terre ou purée de patates douces ;
- Sauce ou gelée de canneberges (appelés aussi atocas au Canada français) ;
- Farce (parfois aux marrons, huîtres, saucisses, pommes, etc) ;
- Haricots verts en daube ;
- Tarte aux pommes ;
- Tarte à la noix de pécan ;
- Tarte aux patates douces ;
- Gâteau au potiron ;
- Eau et vin
Fête aux USA le 4è jeudi de novembre ! son origine remonte à 1621 .... où les Pères Pélerins invitèrent et remercièrent les indiens de les avoir sauvés de la famine.
C'était des colons venus de l'Ancien Monde en 1620 par le navire "Mayflower". Cette centaine d'immigrants fuyait les persécutions religieuses et l'instabilité de l'Europe. A leur arrivée, ils fondèrent la Colonie de Plymouth et la ville du même nom. Leur 1er hiver fut très rude et les conditions de vie extrèmement difficiles. Beaucoup périrent de scorbut... Ils durent leur salut à un indien nommé Squanto qui, à l'aide de sa tribu, les Wampanoags, leur offrit de la nourriture, puis leur apprit à pêcher, chasser et cultiver du maïs...Afin de célébrer la première récolte, à l'automne 1621, les colons invitèrent Massasoit, le chef de la tribu et 90 de ses hommes à venir partager leur repas en guise de remerciement pour l'aide apportée. Durant ce festin, des dindes sauvages et des pigeons furent offerts ... Cet échange généreux de remerciement et de victuailles fut essentiel dans la survie des immigrants du Nouveau Monde !
CF voir la peinture représentant "THE FIRST THANKSGIVING", painting by Jean Louis Gerome Ferris
English: The First Thanksgiving, painting by Jean Louis Gerome Ferris (1863- 1930).
*Thanksgiving : Action de Grâce.
C'était des colons venus de l'Ancien Monde en 1620 par le navire "Mayflower". Cette centaine d'immigrants fuyait les persécutions religieuses et l'instabilité de l'Europe. A leur arrivée, ils fondèrent la Colonie de Plymouth et la ville du même nom. Leur 1er hiver fut très rude et les conditions de vie extrèmement difficiles. Beaucoup périrent de scorbut... Ils durent leur salut à un indien nommé Squanto qui, à l'aide de sa tribu, les Wampanoags, leur offrit de la nourriture, puis leur apprit à pêcher, chasser et cultiver du maïs...Afin de célébrer la première récolte, à l'automne 1621, les colons invitèrent Massasoit, le chef de la tribu et 90 de ses hommes à venir partager leur repas en guise de remerciement pour l'aide apportée. Durant ce festin, des dindes sauvages et des pigeons furent offerts ... Cet échange généreux de remerciement et de victuailles fut essentiel dans la survie des immigrants du Nouveau Monde !
CF voir la peinture représentant "THE FIRST THANKSGIVING", painting by Jean Louis Gerome Ferris
English: The First Thanksgiving, painting by Jean Louis Gerome Ferris (1863- 1930).
*Thanksgiving : Action de Grâce.
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WW1- 100th Anniversary of World War 1
des milliers de coquelicots en céramique autour de la Tour de Londres, pour célébrer le 100è anniversaire du début de la1è Guerre mondiale. Les coquelicots rendent hommage aux hommes tombés. [...]. Photos ma-gni-fi-ques !
PLUS... Page CULTURE, News.
WW2- 70th Anniversary of D-Day landings in Normandy.
PLUS... Page CULTURE, News.
WW2- 70th Anniversary of D-Day landings in Normandy.
A place : Lake District.
A place, in Northern ENGLAND : Lake District.
-in the National Park of Cumbria, a county in Northern England
-Parc National de Cumbria, comté au nord de l'Angleterre
Le Lake District est un parc national anglais qui fait partie de la Cumbrie. Avec ses 2 280 km² de lacs et de montagnes, c'est le plus grand parc national d'Angleterre. On y trouve les montagnes les plus hautes d'Angleterre, dont Scafell Pike (978 m), son point culminant. La région, royaume du randonneur, est connue pour être l'inspiration des Lakistes, notamment William Wordsworth.
Le parc national du Lake District s'étend sur environ 55 km. À l'ouest du parc se trouve la Mer d'Irlande, et au nord, à l'est et à l'ouest se trouve le reste du comté de Cumbrie / CUMBRIA.
Le Lake District est une destination touristique populaire qui offre beaucoup d'activités, surtout de plein air, telles que la randonnée, le VTT, la voile (sur le lac Windermere). Il y a un chemin de fer à voie étroite populaire auprès des touristes, le Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway (en), et des bateaux de plaisance, notamment le lac d'Ullswater. La région devint un parc national en 1951, et donc est bien protégée contre l'industrie.
Le circuit des poètes est un itinéraire dans la partie centrale du Lake District qui évoque les poètes (Wordsworth, Coleridge et Southey) qui furent inspirés d'une façon ou d'une autre par les paysages de la région des lacs.
posted in April 2013, by IM
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A place, USA : Death Valley National Park.
-> the hottest spot in US ! l'endroit le + chaud
Le saviez-vous ? Il y a 10 000 ans, un lac occupait cette Vallée de la Mort, aux USA, d'une profondeur de 600 pieds (6X30cm= 1,80m). Des vues sublimes, à couper le souffle, des rochers de couleur ocre, des dunes de sable, de magnifiques couchers de soleil, une chaleur extrême...(photo et emblème du blog , ci-dessus).
- BEAUTIFUL ! WONDERFUL! AMAZING VIEW !
The area’s brutality, its spectacular and varied beauty; Bone Canyon standing in contrast to the dramatic hills and mountains, such as 11,000-foot Telescope Peak. Under the desert sun, hundreds of species of plant and animal life are indigenous to this parched environment, forty of them found nowhere else on earth.
The Valley is actually not a valley at all, but a block of land that has been steadily dropping between two mountain ranges that are slowly rising and sliding apart.
More than 10,000 years ago a vast fresh water lake once filled Death Valley to a depth of 600 feet.
Today, after thousands of years of dry, hot weather, only crusty salt flats remain. Within the long and narrow park confines (140 miles from one end to the other—about the size of Connecticut), one of the most popular sights is Artists Palette, where mineral deposits have caused swathes of red, pink, orange, purple, and green to color the hills.
Others are Zabriskie Point, with its views of wrinkled hills, and 14 square miles of perfectly sculpted Sahara-like sand dunes. Find the dead-end road that leads to the mile-high (and aptly named) Dante’s View, from which you can see 360 degrees for 100 miles, taking in both the highest and lowest points in the Lower forty-eight: Mount Whitney, at 14,494 feet, and Badwater, at 282 feet below sea level. ....
NEW YORK
The immigrants' arrival
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4wzVuXPznk
-> vidéo qui retrace le "parcours du combattant" des personnes émigrant aux Etats-Unis au 18è, 19è siècle.
1892- 1954
-> Award Winning Documentary Video Film : documentaire récompensé
-> des millions de personnes concernées.
-> vidéo qui retrace le "parcours du combattant" des personnes émigrant aux Etats-Unis au 18è, 19è siècle.
1892- 1954
-> Award Winning Documentary Video Film : documentaire récompensé
-> des millions de personnes concernées.
NEW YORK + Ellis Island + "Annie Moore*"
*Annie Moore : 1ère personne immigrante à passer par les contrôles de douane.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvGXVmQ6gk8
-> chanson interprétée par Sean Keane
-> résume les sentiments ambivalents des immigrants arrivant dans le Nouveau Monde "the New World", et de toute personne foulant le sol américain pour la 1è fois.
VIEWS OF NEW YORK CITY
> "USA Today" > "USA Today" est un quotidien national américain fondé en 1982 par Allen Neuharth et publié par Gannett Corporation. Il s'agit du journal le plus diffusé aux États-Unis avec plus de 2,25 millions d'exemplaires écoulés par jour en 2007 et 1,8 million en 20101.
NEW YORK CITY, USA
NEW YORK CITY, USA
THE US MYTHICAL ROADS / les 2 routes mythiques
ROAD 66: 3,940 kms long;
runs from Chicago to Los Angeles; was the main (=principal) road between 1926 and the 1960s.
Many migrants used it ; also called the Mother Road.
became a symbol of America's freedom movement.
ROAD 6 : 5,878 km long;
runs from Provincetown, near Boston, Massachusetts to Long Beach, (near Los Angeles, California; goes through 14 states, 109 counties and 5 state capitals;
A place. California, USA : 58 counties
The 58 counties of the State of California :
Alameda · Alpine · Amador · Butte · Calaveras · Colusa · Contra Costa · Del Norte · El Dorado · Fresno · Glenn · Humboldt · Imperial · Inyo · Kern · Kings · Lake · Lassen · Los Angeles · Madera · Marin · Mariposa · Mendocino · Merced · Modoc · Mono · Monterey · Napa · Nevada · Orange · Placer · Plumas · Riverside · Sacramento · San Benito · San Bernardino · San Diego · San Francisco · San Joaquin · San Luis Obispo · San Mateo · Santa Barbara · Santa Clara · Santa Cruz · Shasta · Sierra · Siskiyou · Solano · Sonoma · Stanislaus · Sutter · Tehama · Trinity · Tulare · Tuolumne · Ventura · Yolo · Yuba
A place. Road 66, USA.
a stop at San Bernardino, a county in California
San Bernardino County, officially the County of San Bernardino, is a county located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of California.
As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the population was 2,035,210, up from 1,709,434 in the 2000 census.
With an area of 20,105 square miles, San Bernardino County is the largest county in the United States by area. It is larger than each of the nine smallest states, larger than the four smallest states combined, and larger than 71 different sovereign nations.
Le comté de San Bernardino est un comté de l'État de Californie aux États-Unis. Au recensement de 2000, il comptait 1 709 434 habitants. Son chef-lieu est San Bernardino. C'est le plus grand comté des États-Unis au niveau de sa superficie : neuf États sont plus petits que lui. Situé au sud-est de l'État de Californie, les déserts et montagnes de ce vaste comté s'étendent des abords de la région du Grand Los Angeles jusqu'à la frontière du Nevada et jusqu'au fleuve Colorado.
Places of interest
Histoire. Le père Francisco Dumetz nomma ces terres San Bernardino en l'honneur de St. Bernardin de Sienne, le jour de la fête du saint (20 mai 1810). Le Comté fut formé de plusieurs parties du Comté de Los Angeles en 1853. Des parties de son territoire furent données au Comté de Riverside en 1893.
Geographie Le comté a une superficie totale de 52 073 km². On le divise en trois grandes régions: le Désert des Mojaves, les San Bernardino Mountains et la Vallée de San Bernardino. La plus grande partie du comté est désertique.
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A place in AFRICA-
The Afar, an extraordinary and impressive population
where? -> Ethiopia, East Africa, the Horn of Africa (= Corne de l'Afrique)
area? -> hostile, extremely hot (40-50 degrees C.), dry, arid
environment ? -> mineral, mountains, volcanoes, the desert, no grass but magnificent landscapes (= paysages)
and colours
particularity? -> no water
survival ? they breed (= élever) goat flocks (= cheptels de chèvres) and camels (= dromadaires)
life ? -> a nomadic life, the people survive thanks to their ingenuity, cleverness and courage, dig wells (= puits) deeply in the volcano and transform the volcano steam (= vapeur) into water which serves them to drink, get washed and feed (= creuser) the animals every three days; they also breed goat flocks and camels. They go on errands (= faire des courses) to the city once a month and travel on foot.
traditions ? -> the oldest child is generally brought up (= élevé) by his grandmother.
-> the more camels they own (= posséder), the more wives a man can hope to be married to;
As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the population was 2,035,210, up from 1,709,434 in the 2000 census.
With an area of 20,105 square miles, San Bernardino County is the largest county in the United States by area. It is larger than each of the nine smallest states, larger than the four smallest states combined, and larger than 71 different sovereign nations.
Le comté de San Bernardino est un comté de l'État de Californie aux États-Unis. Au recensement de 2000, il comptait 1 709 434 habitants. Son chef-lieu est San Bernardino. C'est le plus grand comté des États-Unis au niveau de sa superficie : neuf États sont plus petits que lui. Situé au sud-est de l'État de Californie, les déserts et montagnes de ce vaste comté s'étendent des abords de la région du Grand Los Angeles jusqu'à la frontière du Nevada et jusqu'au fleuve Colorado.
Places of interest
- The Mojave National Preserve
- Calico Ghost Town — northeast of Barstow via Interstate 15
- Zzyzx — a small desert settlement that used to be a health spa and is now the Desert Studies Center
- Joshua Tree National Park
- San Bernardino National Forest — home to Big Bear Lake outdoor activities
- Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex
- Snow Summit and Bear Mountain (Ski Area) are home to Southern California's premier winter ski resorts. Mountain High, although technically located in Los Angeles County, is also an alternative to Snow Summit and Bear Mountain because of its proximity to San Bernardino County.
Histoire. Le père Francisco Dumetz nomma ces terres San Bernardino en l'honneur de St. Bernardin de Sienne, le jour de la fête du saint (20 mai 1810). Le Comté fut formé de plusieurs parties du Comté de Los Angeles en 1853. Des parties de son territoire furent données au Comté de Riverside en 1893.
Geographie Le comté a une superficie totale de 52 073 km². On le divise en trois grandes régions: le Désert des Mojaves, les San Bernardino Mountains et la Vallée de San Bernardino. La plus grande partie du comté est désertique.
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A place in AFRICA-
The Afar, an extraordinary and impressive population
where? -> Ethiopia, East Africa, the Horn of Africa (= Corne de l'Afrique)
area? -> hostile, extremely hot (40-50 degrees C.), dry, arid
environment ? -> mineral, mountains, volcanoes, the desert, no grass but magnificent landscapes (= paysages)
and colours
particularity? -> no water
survival ? they breed (= élever) goat flocks (= cheptels de chèvres) and camels (= dromadaires)
life ? -> a nomadic life, the people survive thanks to their ingenuity, cleverness and courage, dig wells (= puits) deeply in the volcano and transform the volcano steam (= vapeur) into water which serves them to drink, get washed and feed (= creuser) the animals every three days; they also breed goat flocks and camels. They go on errands (= faire des courses) to the city once a month and travel on foot.
traditions ? -> the oldest child is generally brought up (= élevé) by his grandmother.
-> the more camels they own (= posséder), the more wives a man can hope to be married to;
THE TRADITION OF SAINT PATRICK
La fête de Saint Patrick > posted on March 17th 2013, by I.M-T
célébrée le 17 mars par les irlandais en Irlande et dans le monde entier (worldwide/all over the world/
throughout the world), dont les Etats-Unis qui virent des milliers d'irlandais immigrer (to migrate) dans
leur pays au 19è siècle (cause : maladie de la pomme de terre -> potato disease -> potato famine).
> Irish proverbs / "Proverbes irlandais"
"Better the coldness of a friend than the swetness of an enemy" (La distance d'un ami est préférable à la douceur d'un ennemi).
"Be nice to them on the way up, you might meet them on the way down" (Soyez gentil avec eux dans vos moments favorables, vous pourriez les rencontrer (retrouver) dans vos moments défavorables).
"Let your anger set with the sun, and not rise again with it" (Laissez disparaître votre colère avec le soleil, et ne pas réapparaitre (ressurgir) à nouveau avec lui).
> Videos about Saint Patrick >
http://youtu.be/IhWiDkrc0sM "To be Irish !"
http://youtu.be/jOliu0yCMI0 "Irish tea"
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=J680_aKF5zc&NR=1 :
"Happy Saint Patrick from Discover Ireland"
http://www.englishbyyourself.fr/article_le-jour-de-la-saint-patrick_4322.html : un article de Dave Collett, sur "Saint Patrick et ses origines, sur le site du "British Council", un site pédagogique pour améliorer son anglais, à l'oral.
La fête de Saint Patrick > posted on March 17th 2013, by I.M-T
célébrée le 17 mars par les irlandais en Irlande et dans le monde entier (worldwide/all over the world/
throughout the world), dont les Etats-Unis qui virent des milliers d'irlandais immigrer (to migrate) dans
leur pays au 19è siècle (cause : maladie de la pomme de terre -> potato disease -> potato famine).
> Irish proverbs / "Proverbes irlandais"
"Better the coldness of a friend than the swetness of an enemy" (La distance d'un ami est préférable à la douceur d'un ennemi).
"Be nice to them on the way up, you might meet them on the way down" (Soyez gentil avec eux dans vos moments favorables, vous pourriez les rencontrer (retrouver) dans vos moments défavorables).
"Let your anger set with the sun, and not rise again with it" (Laissez disparaître votre colère avec le soleil, et ne pas réapparaitre (ressurgir) à nouveau avec lui).
> Videos about Saint Patrick >
http://youtu.be/IhWiDkrc0sM "To be Irish !"
http://youtu.be/jOliu0yCMI0 "Irish tea"
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=J680_aKF5zc&NR=1 :
"Happy Saint Patrick from Discover Ireland"
http://www.englishbyyourself.fr/article_le-jour-de-la-saint-patrick_4322.html : un article de Dave Collett, sur "Saint Patrick et ses origines, sur le site du "British Council", un site pédagogique pour améliorer son anglais, à l'oral.
The Queen's Christmas Speech- 2012
Tuesday 25th December 2012, at 3.00 pm.
> Retrouver le script du discours intégral sur le site du journal "THE TELEGRAPH":
> http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/queen-elizabeth-II/9765734
/Queens-Christmas-Day-speech-in-full.html
Dans son discours, la reine Elizabeth II* remercie entre autres le public pour avoir bravé les éléments et assisté à son Jubilé de Diamant. Elle fut très touchée par sa présence et son enthousiasme à vouloir célébrer l'anniversaire de son accession au trône 60 ans auparavant...
“This past year has been one of great celebration for many,” she said. “The enthusiasm which greeted the Diamond Jubilee was, of course, especially memorable for me and my family.
“It was humbling that so many chose to mark the anniversary of a duty which passed to me 60 years ago,” The Queen added. “People of all ages took the trouble to take part in various ways and in many nations. But perhaps most striking of all was to witness the strength of fellowship and friendship among those who had gathered together on these occasions...”...
..
La Reine y fait aussi référence aux pays du Commonwealth, Jeux Olympiques et Paralympiques 2012, aux personnes qui se dévouent pour les autres comme les soldats, infirmiers, aux disparus, à ce sens du "vivre ensemble" , à l'histoire de Jésus...
..
"This is the time of year when we remember that God sent his only son 'to serve, not to be served'. He restored love and service to the centre of our lives in the person of Jesus Christ. It is my prayer this Christmas Day that his example and teaching will continue to bring people together to give the best of themselves in the service of others.
"The carol*, In The Bleak Midwinter, ends by asking a question of all of us who know the Christmas story, of how God gave himself to us in humble service: 'What can I give him, poor as I am? If I were a shepherd*, I would bring a lamb*; if I were a wise* man, I would do my part'. The carol gives the answer 'Yet what I can I give him - give my heart*'.
"I wish you all a very happy Christmas." THE QUEEN
*Reine du Royaume-Uni et de 15 royaumes du Commonwealth, née en 1926 et couronnée reine en 1952.
* carol: chant de Noël, shepherd : berger; lamb: agneau; wise: intelligent, sage; heart: coeur.
Period : VICTORIAN PERIOD : 1837 - 1901 (UK) /
"l'époque victorienne". Reigne de la reine Victoria: 1837-1901"
The Victorian era of British history was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901.
The Victorian Era style of clothing, however, ended in 1912. It was a long period of peace, prosperity, refined sensibilities and national self-confidence for Britain.
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“This past year has been one of great celebration for many,” she said. “The enthusiasm which greeted the Diamond Jubilee was, of course, especially memorable for me and my family.
“It was humbling that so many chose to mark the anniversary of a duty which passed to me 60 years ago,” The Queen added. “People of all ages took the trouble to take part in various ways and in many nations. But perhaps most striking of all was to witness the strength of fellowship and friendship among those who had gathered together on these occasions...”...
..
La Reine y fait aussi référence aux pays du Commonwealth, Jeux Olympiques et Paralympiques 2012, aux personnes qui se dévouent pour les autres comme les soldats, infirmiers, aux disparus, à ce sens du "vivre ensemble" , à l'histoire de Jésus...
..
"This is the time of year when we remember that God sent his only son 'to serve, not to be served'. He restored love and service to the centre of our lives in the person of Jesus Christ. It is my prayer this Christmas Day that his example and teaching will continue to bring people together to give the best of themselves in the service of others.
"The carol*, In The Bleak Midwinter, ends by asking a question of all of us who know the Christmas story, of how God gave himself to us in humble service: 'What can I give him, poor as I am? If I were a shepherd*, I would bring a lamb*; if I were a wise* man, I would do my part'. The carol gives the answer 'Yet what I can I give him - give my heart*'.
"I wish you all a very happy Christmas." THE QUEEN
*Reine du Royaume-Uni et de 15 royaumes du Commonwealth, née en 1926 et couronnée reine en 1952.
* carol: chant de Noël, shepherd : berger; lamb: agneau; wise: intelligent, sage; heart: coeur.
Period : VICTORIAN PERIOD : 1837 - 1901 (UK) /
"l'époque victorienne". Reigne de la reine Victoria: 1837-1901"
The Victorian era of British history was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901.
The Victorian Era style of clothing, however, ended in 1912. It was a long period of peace, prosperity, refined sensibilities and national self-confidence for Britain.
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ELECTIONS.
The President BARACK OBAMA
Re-election on November 6th, 2012
ré-élection pour 4 ans
C'est le 45è président des Etats-Unis, et le 2è élu pour un 2è mandat (après Bill Clinton) depuis la 2nde guerre mondiale, Mitt Romney, son rival, n'ayant pas réussi à gagner les "swing states" (les états indécis). Ceux-ci sont : New Hampshire, Wisconsin, Massachusetts, Ohio, Floride, Virginie.
ELECTIONS.
The President BARACK OBAMA
Re-election on November 6th, 2012
ré-élection pour 4 ans
C'est le 45è président des Etats-Unis, et le 2è élu pour un 2è mandat (après Bill Clinton) depuis la 2nde guerre mondiale, Mitt Romney, son rival, n'ayant pas réussi à gagner les "swing states" (les états indécis). Ceux-ci sont : New Hampshire, Wisconsin, Massachusetts, Ohio, Floride, Virginie.
Barack OBAMA ->
Les électeurs ayant voté pour lui :
- les minorités : afro-américaines, hispaniques (nombreux ; issus de l'immigration mexicaine: 100 ooo mexicains traversent la frontière chaque jour), etc...
-les femmes (cf avortement)
- la jeunesse (cf prix exubérants de l'université).
Mitt ROMNEY ->
Les électeurs ayant voté pour lui :
- davantage une population blanche
- une population souvent plus aisée
- une population pratiquante, ayant la foi.
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Congratulations Barack Obama !
an extract of the speech he delivered after his victory on November 6th, 2012.
5un extrait de son discours après la proclamation des résultats) :
"What makes America exceptional are the bonds that hold together the most diverse nation on earth.
The belief that our destiny is shared; that this country only works when we accept certain obligations to one another and to future generations.
The freedom which so many Americans have fought for and died for come with responsibilities as well as rights. And among those are love and charity and duty and patriotism. That’s what makes America great......."
Posted Nov 11, 2012 by I. M-T.
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Les électeurs ayant voté pour lui :
- les minorités : afro-américaines, hispaniques (nombreux ; issus de l'immigration mexicaine: 100 ooo mexicains traversent la frontière chaque jour), etc...
-les femmes (cf avortement)
- la jeunesse (cf prix exubérants de l'université).
Mitt ROMNEY ->
Les électeurs ayant voté pour lui :
- davantage une population blanche
- une population souvent plus aisée
- une population pratiquante, ayant la foi.
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Congratulations Barack Obama !
an extract of the speech he delivered after his victory on November 6th, 2012.
5un extrait de son discours après la proclamation des résultats) :
"What makes America exceptional are the bonds that hold together the most diverse nation on earth.
The belief that our destiny is shared; that this country only works when we accept certain obligations to one another and to future generations.
The freedom which so many Americans have fought for and died for come with responsibilities as well as rights. And among those are love and charity and duty and patriotism. That’s what makes America great......."
Posted Nov 11, 2012 by I. M-T.
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Sports
The 2012 London Paralympic Games.
Ci-dessous le témoignage (en anglais) de CATHERINE T. , une trégorroise bénévole
aux Jeux Paralympiques de Londres 2012.
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Catherine talks about her experience as a volunteer as a "Games Maker" (September 2012) :
" The 2012 Paralympic Games, lasted 10 days, from the 31st of August to the 8th of September. They gave me the opportunity to live a Games Maker’s experience but this was the outcome of a long preparation !
Do you know what a Games Maker is? Well, a Games Maker is a person who volunteers for the games and helps where they need someone. I was also told "how to be a good Games Maker ": "the best attitude with all different spectators ( the disabled, the blind,...) was "Always smiling, being very polite and helpful".
--
Here is a Games Maker's typical day / Catherine is a volunteer (la journée type de Catherine, bénévole)
"At 5:00 AM, I got up and walked to the tube station; It took 45minutes from WEMBLAY STATION to STRATFORD STATION. The tube was full of "Games Makers"!
Then, I had 20 minutes’ walk to go to the park and to go to the COPPER BOX.
At 6:00 AM : I had a briefing with my team leader and the team (10 people max).
From 6:30 AM to 4:30PM, I had to show the seats to the spectators, to help disabled people when necessary. If I needed some help, I could ask to the security safeguards or my team leader.
We had 2 breaks of 15 minutes, one in the morning and another in the afternoon , as well as a lunch- break of 30minutes.
At the end of the day, I must admit I was happy to come back to WEMBLEY and go to sleep : PHEW ! "
Thanks, Catherine !
Do you know what a Games Maker is? Well, a Games Maker is a person who volunteers for the games and helps where they need someone. I was also told "how to be a good Games Maker ": "the best attitude with all different spectators ( the disabled, the blind,...) was "Always smiling, being very polite and helpful".
--
Here is a Games Maker's typical day / Catherine is a volunteer (la journée type de Catherine, bénévole)
"At 5:00 AM, I got up and walked to the tube station; It took 45minutes from WEMBLAY STATION to STRATFORD STATION. The tube was full of "Games Makers"!
Then, I had 20 minutes’ walk to go to the park and to go to the COPPER BOX.
At 6:00 AM : I had a briefing with my team leader and the team (10 people max).
From 6:30 AM to 4:30PM, I had to show the seats to the spectators, to help disabled people when necessary. If I needed some help, I could ask to the security safeguards or my team leader.
We had 2 breaks of 15 minutes, one in the morning and another in the afternoon , as well as a lunch- break of 30minutes.
At the end of the day, I must admit I was happy to come back to WEMBLEY and go to sleep : PHEW ! "
Thanks, Catherine !
Places (continued).
LONDON [UK]
London is the capital of England and of the United Kingdom. Nearly 8 million people of different origins, cultures and religions live in the most populated city of the European Union.There are between 12 million and 14 million people in the metropolitan area, where more than 300 languages are spoken. The London Underground* is the largest underground railway network in the world.
* underground (GB) : métro, subway (GB): passage souterrain
*subway (US) : métro
London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures.
Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world depending on measurement.London has been described as a world cultural capital. It is the world's most-visited city measured by international arrivals and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe.
In 2012 London became the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
London has a diverse range of peoples and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken within its boundaries. In March 2011, London had an official population of 8,174,100, making it the most populous municipality in the European Union, and accounting for 12.5% of the UK population.The Greater London Urban Area is the second-largest in the EU with a population of 8,278,251, while the London metropolitan area is the largest in the EU with an estimated total population of between 12 million and 14 million.London had the largest population of any city in the world from around 1831 to 1925.
London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, andSt Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT).Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge and Trafalgar Square. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library, Wimbledon, and 40 West End theatres.
The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.
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Place :THE CITY (UK)
The City is the business and financial centre of London. It covers an area in East Central London of about one square mile (2.5 square kilometres) and is often referred to as "The Square Mile". Many financial institutions have their head offices (=siège) in the City, including the bank of England and the london Stock Exchange (=Bourse).
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Place : BRIXTON (UK)
Brixton is a district of South London. It is one of the most multicultural areas in London, with nearly 25% of the population with African or Caribbean origins. There is also an important Irish community.
The first generation of immigrants came from Jamaica in 1948 on a ship called The Empire of Windrush, and is known as the Windrush Generation.
In the 1980s and 1990s there were violent protests on the streets of Brixton against unemployment, poor housing and the prejudice of some members of the police against Afro-Caribbean people.
Today Brixton is a district where one can enjoy shops, restaurants and clubs of many different cultures, and live music scenes.
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The first generation of immigrants came from Jamaica in 1948 on a ship called The Empire of Windrush, and is known as the Windrush Generation.
In the 1980s and 1990s there were violent protests on the streets of Brixton against unemployment, poor housing and the prejudice of some members of the police against Afro-Caribbean people.
Today Brixton is a district where one can enjoy shops, restaurants and clubs of many different cultures, and live music scenes.
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Place : CAMDEN TOWN (UK)
Camden Town is a district of Inner London in northwest London, England, and the central neighbourhood of the London Borough of Camden. It is located 2.4 miles (3.9 km) north-northwest of Charing Cross and is one of the 35 major centres identified in the London Plan. It was laid out as a residential district from 1791 and was originally part of the manor of Kentish Town and the parish of St Pancras, Middlesex. The town became an important location during the early development of the railways and is also located on the London canal network. Its industrial economic basis has been replaced by retail, tourism and entertainment, including a number of internationally-known markets and music venues that are strongly associated with alternative culture.
Toponymy Camden Town is named after Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden. His earldom was styled after his estate, Camden Place near Chislehurst in Kent (now in the London Borough of Bromley), formerly owned by historian William Camden. The name, which appears on the Ordnance Survey map of 1822,was later applied to the early 20th century Camden Town Group of artists and the London borough of Camden, created in 1965.
Urban development Camden Town stands on land which was once the manor of Kentish Town. Sir Charles Pratt, a radical 18th century lawyer and politician, acquired the manor through marriage. In 1791, he started granting leases for houses to be built in the manor.In 1816, the Regent's Canal was built through the area. Up to at least the late 19th century, Camden Town was considered an "unfashionable" locality. Camden Markets, which started in 1973 and have grown since then, attract many visitors all week. Camden Lock Village, then known as Camden Canal market, suffered a major fire, but no injuries, on 9 February 2008. It has since recovered.
Toponymy Camden Town is named after Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden. His earldom was styled after his estate, Camden Place near Chislehurst in Kent (now in the London Borough of Bromley), formerly owned by historian William Camden. The name, which appears on the Ordnance Survey map of 1822,was later applied to the early 20th century Camden Town Group of artists and the London borough of Camden, created in 1965.
Urban development Camden Town stands on land which was once the manor of Kentish Town. Sir Charles Pratt, a radical 18th century lawyer and politician, acquired the manor through marriage. In 1791, he started granting leases for houses to be built in the manor.In 1816, the Regent's Canal was built through the area. Up to at least the late 19th century, Camden Town was considered an "unfashionable" locality. Camden Markets, which started in 1973 and have grown since then, attract many visitors all week. Camden Lock Village, then known as Camden Canal market, suffered a major fire, but no injuries, on 9 February 2008. It has since recovered.
Place : NEW YORK CITY : "the Big Apple" (US)
New York City, at the mouth of the Hudson River, has five boroughs : the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island. In 1626, the Dutch bought the island od manhattan from the Indians for 24 dollars and called it New Amsterdam. In 1664, the British captured the colony and renamed it New York.
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Nickname(s): The Big Apple, Gotham, Center of the Universe, The City That Never Sleeps, The Capital of the World
Location in the state of New York
New York
Mayor: Michael Bloomberg Area • City468.48 sq mi (1,213.4 km2) • Land 302.64 sq mi (783.8 km2) • Water 165.84 sq mi (429.5 km2) Elevation 33 ft (10 m)
Population (2011 United States Censusestimates •
City 8,244,910 • Density27,243.06/sq mi (10,518.60/km2) • Metro18,897,109 •
New New York is the most populous city in the United States of America and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world.
The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. A global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters,New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.
Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a state county.
The five boroughs--The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898.
With a Census-estimated 2011 population of 8,244,910
distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States.
As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.
The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, with 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km2),and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.1 million people as of the 2010 Census.
New York traces its roots (racines) to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic, and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to America by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy.
Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known to its approximately 50 million annual visitors.
Times Square, iconified as "The Crossroads of the World", is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway theater district, one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections, and a major center of the world's entertainment industry. The city hosts many world renowned bridges, skyscrapers, and parks. New York City's financial district, anchored by Wall Street in Lower Manhattan, functions as the financial capital of the world and is home to the New York Stock Exchange, the world's largest stock exchange by total market capitalization of its listed companies. Manhattan's real estate market is among the most expensive in the world. Manhattan's Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive rapid transit systems in the world. Numerous colleges and universities are located in New York, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, which are ranked among the top 50 in the world.
Place :THE MYTHICAL ROADS IN THE USA (US)
ROAD 6, also called the Grand Army of the Republic Highway, runs from Provincetown (near Boston), Massachussetts, to Long Beach (near Los Angeles), California.
It is one of the longest highways in the USA (5,878 kms). Route 6 goes through fourteen states, 109 counties, and 5 state capitals. In its transcontinental days, Route 6 intersected with Route 66in two places : downtown Joliet and downtown Los Angeles.
ROAD 66 was the main road from Chicago to Los Angeles between 1926 and the 1960s.
Many migrants going west travelled along Route 66. An estimated 210,000 people migrated to California to escape the despair of the Dust Bowl* in the 1930s. In John Steinbeck's novel The Grapes of Wrath, the highway is called "The Mother Road".
It then became a symbol of Americans' freedom of movement. A hit song, Route 66, was first recorded in 1946 by Nat King Cole, and has since been performed by nearly one hundred singers or groups. Route 66 was also the name of a famous television show in the 1960s. Route 66 is 3,940 kilometres long.
* Dust Bowl : series of severe dust storms (tempêtes de poussière) which affected American prairie lands, particularly in texas and Oklahoma.
ROAD 6, also called the Grand Army of the Republic Highway, runs from Provincetown (near Boston), Massachussetts, to Long Beach (near Los Angeles), California.
It is one of the longest highways in the USA (5,878 kms). Route 6 goes through fourteen states, 109 counties, and 5 state capitals. In its transcontinental days, Route 6 intersected with Route 66in two places : downtown Joliet and downtown Los Angeles.
ROAD 66 was the main road from Chicago to Los Angeles between 1926 and the 1960s.
Many migrants going west travelled along Route 66. An estimated 210,000 people migrated to California to escape the despair of the Dust Bowl* in the 1930s. In John Steinbeck's novel The Grapes of Wrath, the highway is called "The Mother Road".
It then became a symbol of Americans' freedom of movement. A hit song, Route 66, was first recorded in 1946 by Nat King Cole, and has since been performed by nearly one hundred singers or groups. Route 66 was also the name of a famous television show in the 1960s. Route 66 is 3,940 kilometres long.
* Dust Bowl : series of severe dust storms (tempêtes de poussière) which affected American prairie lands, particularly in texas and Oklahoma.
PEOPLE
1- ABORIGINAL AUSTRALIANS (Australia)
The first Australians were the Aborigines (i.e. "the original inhabitants of the country"). The Aborigines have the longest continuous cultural history of any group of people on Earth. They were sent to reservations and forced to live off government hand-outs*. They only got the right to vote in 1967.
*hand-outs : oumônes
2- THE MAORI (New Zealand)
The Maori first came to New Zealand from Polynesia around 800. They were hunters, fishermen, farmers and warriors (guerriers). Art has always been a prominent part of Maori culture. Their lives were filled with rituals and group dances, such as the famous Hoko, still performed today by the All Blacks, the national rugby team. The Maori wore decorative ornaments and high-ranking (haut-placé) people were extensively tattooed.
European colonization of New Zealand started in 1840, when Queen Victoria sent Captain William Hobson to annex the country.He negociated the treaty of Waitangi with Maori chiefs, which made the Maori British subjects in return for property rights and tribal autonomy. After several sporadic wars against the British, the Maori lost much of their land and the population went into decline. However, they have managed to keep their cultural identity unti today. In 2009 there were 652,900 Maori. More than one in eight of the 4,330,000 New Zealanders is of Maori descent (origine).
*hand-outs : oumônes
2- THE MAORI (New Zealand)
The Maori first came to New Zealand from Polynesia around 800. They were hunters, fishermen, farmers and warriors (guerriers). Art has always been a prominent part of Maori culture. Their lives were filled with rituals and group dances, such as the famous Hoko, still performed today by the All Blacks, the national rugby team. The Maori wore decorative ornaments and high-ranking (haut-placé) people were extensively tattooed.
European colonization of New Zealand started in 1840, when Queen Victoria sent Captain William Hobson to annex the country.He negociated the treaty of Waitangi with Maori chiefs, which made the Maori British subjects in return for property rights and tribal autonomy. After several sporadic wars against the British, the Maori lost much of their land and the population went into decline. However, they have managed to keep their cultural identity unti today. In 2009 there were 652,900 Maori. More than one in eight of the 4,330,000 New Zealanders is of Maori descent (origine).
CINEMA
Bollywood, India
Bollywood is an amalgram of Bombay and Hollywood-
It is the nickname (=surnom) of the Indian film industry, which produces about 1,000 films a year in various languages, essentially in Hindi and in English.
The films include huge multi-star productions with budgets running into several millions of dollars.
Soap operas (=feuilletons) follow a set pattern with songs and dances in which good triumphs over evil (=mal).
PEOPLE and HISTORY
RACIAL SEGREGATION IN THE US
FACTS. SLAVERY IN THE USA (US) / l'esclavage aux USA
1492 : Christopher Columbus' voyage to the Americas.
1619 : Virginia, first British colony, imports African slaves.
17th- 18th century : Cotton and tobacco plantations established mainly in the South. Workforce provided by "chattel slavery" (ownership of a slave and his descendants).
16th to 19th century : 12 million Africans shipped as slaves to the Americas, 645,000 to the USA.
End of 18th century : Concept of "free states" and "slave states" established.
1860 : Slave population in the USA had grown to 4 million.
1861-1865 : Civil War .
1) The South (Confederates) fought in order to maintain slavery - in their view the only system which would allow their economy to flourish.
2) The North (Unionists) fought not only to preserve the unity of their country, but also to put an end to the unfair, inhuman system of slavery.
1865 : 13th Amendment; Slavery was abolished.
QUOTE (citation) : "Each person must live their life as a model for others." ~ Rosa Parks
(American civil rights activist, 1913-2005)
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Person : ROSA PARKS and the incident she provoked.
She was born on 4th February 1913 in Tuskezee, Atlanta, and she died on 24th October 2005 in Detroit, Michigan. She was 92. She was a dressmaker.
- The well-known incident happened on (the) 1st (of) December 1955 when she refused to give her seat to a white person on the bus.
- She was given a fine (amende) of 15 dollars. Then a 26-year-old black man launched a protest campaign and they boycotted the bus company during 381 days. On the 13th November 1955, segregation on buses was declared anti-constitutional.
- The well-known incident happened on (the) 1st (of) December 1955 when she refused to give her seat to a white person on the bus.
- She was given a fine (amende) of 15 dollars. Then a 26-year-old black man launched a protest campaign and they boycotted the bus company during 381 days. On the 13th November 1955, segregation on buses was declared anti-constitutional.
Person : MARTIN LUTHER KING, the Black leader of
the Civil rights movement in the USA.
MLK was born on (the) 15th January 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia and he was assassinated on (the) 4th April 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee : he was 39 years old.
Martin Luther King, Jr . was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement.He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights in the United States and around the world, using nonviolent methods following the teachings of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. King has become a national icon in the history of modern American liberalism. A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. King's efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech. There, he established his reputation as one of the greatest orators in American history. In 1964, King became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his work to end racial segregation and racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other nonviolent means. By the time of his death in 1968, he had refocused his efforts on ending poverty and stopping the Vietnam War. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee. He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977 and Congressional Gold Medal in 2004; Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a U.S. federal holiday in 1986.
For his famous speech , go to http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_have_a_dream
Martin Luther King, Jr . was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement.He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights in the United States and around the world, using nonviolent methods following the teachings of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. King has become a national icon in the history of modern American liberalism. A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. King's efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech. There, he established his reputation as one of the greatest orators in American history. In 1964, King became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his work to end racial segregation and racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other nonviolent means. By the time of his death in 1968, he had refocused his efforts on ending poverty and stopping the Vietnam War. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee. He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977 and Congressional Gold Medal in 2004; Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a U.S. federal holiday in 1986.
For his famous speech , go to http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_have_a_dream
Group : KU KUX KLAN (US)
Founded on (the) 24th December 1865. It was a racist organization which declared the White supremacy (superiority). It is conservative and xenophobian. It was born after the end of the Civil War in 1860-65, after the abolishion of slavery, after the defeat of the South states against the North during the war.
SOUTHERN STATES : FOR SLAVERY
NORTHERN STATES : AGAINST SLAVERY -> President Abraham Lincoln (1809- 1865 : assassinated).
SOUTHERN STATES : FOR SLAVERY
NORTHERN STATES : AGAINST SLAVERY -> President Abraham Lincoln (1809- 1865 : assassinated).
Society
- TWITTER
Twitter* is a free micro-blogging service which enables its registered users to exchange 140-character messages known as tweets*.
Users can send and receive tweets via The Twitter website, SMS or other applications. Thanks to Twitter, users can keep in touch with people through the exchange of quick, frequent questions and answers such as "What's happening," or "What are you doing?". Senders can restrict delivery* to those in their circle of friends or allow open access.
Twitter was created in 2006 in California, and it has become one of the 50 most popular websites worldwide*. It was even used by both American candidates (Barack Obama and John McCain) in the 2008 US presidential campaign. According to the British newspaper, The Telegraph, Twitter has been put on the new primary school curriculum*. As they put it, children under 11 should now be able to "organize and adjust" speaking and writing skills depending on the technology used, including using "e-mails, messaging, wikis* and twitters." They will be taught how to use the social networking website Twitter, as well as blogs, webcams and podcasts.
Notes: Twitter : gazouiller/ jacasser ; tweets : gazouillis ; delivery : réception ; worldwide : dans le monde entier ; curriculum : programme ; wikis : espace de travail collaboratif.
- GAP YEAR. What is it?
(c'est une année sabbathique)
A gap year is a period of time - from several weeks to a year or more- when students break from formal education to do something else such as gain work experience, travel, volunteer abroad, etc...
The concept was born in the UK and, since the 1990s, taking time out has become increasingly popular with British and American students.
More and more young people from diverse backgrounds are taking a gap year and it is not the prerogative of affluent middle classes any more. An estimated 200,000 British students aged 18-25 set off on gap years in 2008.
Famous personalities
- political man : Winston CHURCHILL : 1874- 1965 (UK)
Sir Winston Churchill was a British politician and statesman know for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II.
- author : Agatha CHRISTIE : 1890- 1976 (UK)
"The Queen of Crime", she is the world's best known mystery writer.Her most famous books are : The murder of Roger Ackroyd (1926), Murder on the Orient Express (1934), Death on the Nile (1937), and And Then There Were None (1939).
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- film director : Alfred HITCHCOCK : 1889- 1980 (UK)
"The Master of Suspense". He was born in London. In 1929, he had already directed ten films. He then left England, went to Hollywood and shot (=tourner) different films like Rebecca (1940), Strangers on a train (1951) etc...
His famous suspense books : Rear Window (1954), The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956), Psycho (1960),The Birds (1963), Frenzy (1972).
Hitchcock was famous for his use of suspense, showing the spectator things that the characters in the film did not know about. Then he built up tension as the heroes eventually (=finalement) discovered the truth.
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His famous suspense books : Rear Window (1954), The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956), Psycho (1960),The Birds (1963), Frenzy (1972).
Hitchcock was famous for his use of suspense, showing the spectator things that the characters in the film did not know about. Then he built up tension as the heroes eventually (=finalement) discovered the truth.
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- writer : George ORWELL : 1903- 1950 (UK)
He was an English novelist and journalist.
His work is marked by clarity, intelligence and wit, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism, and belief in democratic socialism.
Considered perhaps the 20th century's best chronicler of English culture,Orwell
wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction and polemical journalism. He is best known for the dystopian novel Nineteen
Eighty-Four (1949) and the allegorical novella Animal
Farm (1945), which together have sold more copies than any
two books by any other 20th-century author. His
book Homage to Catalonia (1938), an account of his
experiences in the Spanish Civil War, is widely acclaimed, as are
his numerous essays on politics, literature, language and culture. In 2008, The
Times ranked him second on a list of "The 50 greatest British
writers since 1945".
Orwell's work continues to influence popular and political culture, and the term Orwellian—descriptive of totalitarian or
authoritarian social practices—has entered the vernacular with several of his neologisms, such as doublethink, thoughtcrime, and thought police.
He was born in India, then in 1941 joined the BBC in London. He wrote political satires, two famous ones are "Animal Farm" (1945) and "1984" (1949).
-"Animal Farm" is a political satire of a totalitarian society ruled* by a powerful dictatorship, an allegory of the Russian revolution of 1917.
-In "1984" , Britain is ruled* by the Party, led by Big Brother whose image is ever-present. Everyone is permanently watched.
* ruled : dirigé ; ruled by : dirigé par.
His work is marked by clarity, intelligence and wit, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism, and belief in democratic socialism.
Considered perhaps the 20th century's best chronicler of English culture,Orwell
wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction and polemical journalism. He is best known for the dystopian novel Nineteen
Eighty-Four (1949) and the allegorical novella Animal
Farm (1945), which together have sold more copies than any
two books by any other 20th-century author. His
book Homage to Catalonia (1938), an account of his
experiences in the Spanish Civil War, is widely acclaimed, as are
his numerous essays on politics, literature, language and culture. In 2008, The
Times ranked him second on a list of "The 50 greatest British
writers since 1945".
Orwell's work continues to influence popular and political culture, and the term Orwellian—descriptive of totalitarian or
authoritarian social practices—has entered the vernacular with several of his neologisms, such as doublethink, thoughtcrime, and thought police.
He was born in India, then in 1941 joined the BBC in London. He wrote political satires, two famous ones are "Animal Farm" (1945) and "1984" (1949).
-"Animal Farm" is a political satire of a totalitarian society ruled* by a powerful dictatorship, an allegory of the Russian revolution of 1917.
-In "1984" , Britain is ruled* by the Party, led by Big Brother whose image is ever-present. Everyone is permanently watched.
* ruled : dirigé ; ruled by : dirigé par.
- writer : Aldous HUXLEY : 1894- 1963
English novelist and critic. He is a fiction and non fiction writer.
Among his best-known novels is "Brave New World" (1932). He also wrote a lot of essays, poetry, short stories, travel writing, film stories and script.
Aldous Huxley was a humanist, pacifist, and satirist, and he was latterly interested in
spiritual subjects such as parapsychology and philosophical mysticism. He is
also well known for advocating and taking psychedelics.
By the end of his life Huxley was widely recognized to be one of the
pre-eminent intellectuals of his time and respected as an important researcher
into visual communication and sight-related theories as well.
Among his best-known novels is "Brave New World" (1932). He also wrote a lot of essays, poetry, short stories, travel writing, film stories and script.
Aldous Huxley was a humanist, pacifist, and satirist, and he was latterly interested in
spiritual subjects such as parapsychology and philosophical mysticism. He is
also well known for advocating and taking psychedelics.
By the end of his life Huxley was widely recognized to be one of the
pre-eminent intellectuals of his time and respected as an important researcher
into visual communication and sight-related theories as well.
- painter : Norman ROCKWELL : 1894- 1978 (US)
American painter.
This painting reveals an extract of segregational America in the nineteen sixties.
This painting reveals an extract of segregational America in the nineteen sixties.
- political man : Nelson MANDELA (b. 1918) South Africa
--He was born in South Africa, is a political man. He joined the ANC in 1942 and soon got involved in the struggle against the apartheid regime. Arrested in 1964, he was convicted of sabotage, sentenced to life imprisonment and incarcerated at Robben Island Prison, off Cape Town. Released in February 1990, he negociated the dismantling of apartheid. In 1993, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa". In 1999, he retired from politics and since then has defended numerous social and humanitarian causes.
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Places ( continued)
1- THE NOTTING HILL CARNIVAL (UK) / "le carnaval de Notting Hill à Londres"
It is an annual event which takes place over two days (the last Sunday and Monday in August) on the streets of Notting Hill, in WEST LONDON.
It is led by members of the Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean population, many of whom have lived in the area since the 1950s. The carnival is the second largest street festival in the world after Rio.
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It is led by members of the Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean population, many of whom have lived in the area since the 1950s. The carnival is the second largest street festival in the world after Rio.
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2- THE US-MEXICO BORDER (US) / " la frontière entre les USA et le Mexique"
The US-Mexico border fence (= grillage) or border (= frontière) wall (=mur) has been designed to prevent (=empêcher) illegal immigration from Mexico and latin America. Fences, walls, vehicle barriers and high-tech surveillance towers have been constructed at various places along the dusty, 1,952- mile (3,141 kilometres) boundary (=frontière).
In San Diego, 9 miles (14 kilometres) of a double-layered fence have been erected. In Arizona, the state most concerned by illegal crossings, 65 miles (1051 km) of barriers have been constructed already.
Opponents (=opposants) say the border fence is an ineffective deterrent (=moyen de dissuasion inefficace). They denounce the dangers of the fence for migrants who keep trying to cross the border to the US, as well as the threat for animan habitat.
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3- ALASKA
Population : 700,000
Main city : Anchorage
State capital : Juneau
Alaska is the largest and the least densely populated state of the US. Located in the northwest of the North American continent, it borders Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait (=détroit). In the 1890s, the gold rush brought thousands of prospectors, businesses and settlers to Alaska. It was granted official territorial status in 1912 and became the 49th state to join the Union on January 3, 1959. It covers 20 per cent of the total US area. Alaska is a wilderness (=vastes étendues) of snow and ice but has many natural resources : oil (=pétrole), gas and fishing industries.
4- SOUTH AFRICA
- Republic of South Africa
- Capital city : Pretoria
- Largest cities : Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban
- Population : 50.5 million (UN, 2010)
- Official languages : 11 official languages including English, Afrikaans, Sesotho, Setswana, Xhosa and Zulu.
In San Diego, 9 miles (14 kilometres) of a double-layered fence have been erected. In Arizona, the state most concerned by illegal crossings, 65 miles (1051 km) of barriers have been constructed already.
Opponents (=opposants) say the border fence is an ineffective deterrent (=moyen de dissuasion inefficace). They denounce the dangers of the fence for migrants who keep trying to cross the border to the US, as well as the threat for animan habitat.
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3- ALASKA
Population : 700,000
Main city : Anchorage
State capital : Juneau
Alaska is the largest and the least densely populated state of the US. Located in the northwest of the North American continent, it borders Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait (=détroit). In the 1890s, the gold rush brought thousands of prospectors, businesses and settlers to Alaska. It was granted official territorial status in 1912 and became the 49th state to join the Union on January 3, 1959. It covers 20 per cent of the total US area. Alaska is a wilderness (=vastes étendues) of snow and ice but has many natural resources : oil (=pétrole), gas and fishing industries.
4- SOUTH AFRICA
- Republic of South Africa
- Capital city : Pretoria
- Largest cities : Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban
- Population : 50.5 million (UN, 2010)
- Official languages : 11 official languages including English, Afrikaans, Sesotho, Setswana, Xhosa and Zulu.
LANGUAGE
SPOKEN WORD POETRY or SLAM POETRY* (US)
la langue, poésie à haute voix
The interest for spoken word or slam poetry was born in the 1990s in the African-American community through the rise of poetry slams across America.
A SLAM is a poetry competition in which poets perform original work alone or in teams before an audience, which serves as judge. The competitions spread across the country, finding a home in New York City at the Nuyirican Poets Café.
This generation of spoken word poetry is often highly politicized, drawing its subject from racial, economic, and gender injustices as well as current events.
* poetry : poésie
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